Drugs| Prescribed Drugs| Sample Drug Study
Carbamazapine
03/04/2009 19:35
Carbamazepine
Brand Name: Apo-Carbamazepine (CAN), Atretol, Carbatrol, Epitol, Novo-Carbamaz (CAN), Tegretol, Tegretol-XR
Pregnancy Category D
Drug class: Antiepileptic agent
Therapeutic actions
Mechanism of action not understood; antiepileptic activity may be related to its ability to inhibit polysynaptic responses and block post-tetanic potentiation. Drug is chemically related to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs).
Indications
· Refractory seizure disorders:...
Cefuroxime
03/04/2009 19:36
Cefuroxime
Brand Name: cefuroxime axetil, Ceftin, cefuroxime sodium, Kefurox, Zinacef
Pregnancy Category B
Drug classes: Antibiotic, Cephalosporin (second generation)
Therapeutic actions
Bactericidal: inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
Indications
Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Skin Infections
· Treatment of early Lyme disease
Contraindications and cautions
· Allergy to cephalosporins or penicillins, renal...
Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride
03/04/2009 19:37
Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (metaminodiazepoxide hydrochloride)
Brand Name: Apo-Chlordiazepoxide (CAN), Librium, Libritabs, Mitran, Reposans-10
Pregnancy Category D, C-IV controlled substance
Drug classes: Benzodiazepine, Antianxiety agent
Therapeutic actions
Exact mechanisms of action not understood; acts mainly at subcortical levels of the CNS; main sites of action may be the limbic system and reticular formation; potentiates the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid...
Cimetedine
03/04/2009 19:39
Cimetidine
Brand Name: Apo-Cimetidine (CAN), Gen-Cimetidine (CAN), Novo-Cimetine (CAN), Nu-Cimet (CAN), Peptol (CAN), Tagamet, Tagamet HB, Tagamet HB Suspension
Pregnancy Category B
Drug class: Histamine2 (H2) antagonist
Therapeutic actions
Inhibits the action of histamine at the histamine2 (H2) receptors of the stomach, inhibiting gastric acid secretion and reducing total pepsin output.
Indications
· Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer
· ...
Ciprofloxacin
03/04/2009 19:40
Ciprofloxacin
Brand Name: Ciloxan (CAN), Cipro, Cipro HC Otic, Cipro I.V.
Pregnancy Category C
Drug class: Antibacterial
Therapeutic actions
Bactericidal; interferes with DNA replication in susceptible gram-negative bacteria preventing cell reproduction.
Indications
· For the treatment of infections caused by susceptible gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, P. vulgaris, P. rettgeri, M. morganii, P. aeruginosa,...
Clarithromycin
03/04/2009 19:41
Clarithromycin
Brand Name: Biaxin, Biaxin XL
Pregnancy Category B
Drug class: Macrolide antibiotic
Therapeutic actions
Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, causing cell death.
Indications
· Treatment of upper respiratory infections caused by S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae
· Treatment of lower respiratory infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis
· Treatment of skin and structure infections caused by S....
Clonazepam
03/04/2009 19:42
Clonazepam
Brand Name: Apo-Clonazepam (CAN), Clonapam (CAN), Gen-Clonazepam (CAN), Klonopin, Rivotril (CAN)
Pregnancy Category D, C-IV controlled substance
Drug classes: Benzodiazepine, Antiepileptic agent
Therapeutic actions
Exact mechanisms not understood; benzodiazepines potentiate the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Indications
· Used alone or as adjunct in treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures;...
Clonidine
03/04/2009 19:43
Clonidine hydrochloride
Brand Name:
Antihypertensives: Apo-Clonidine (CAN), Catapres, Catapres-TTS (transdermal preparation), Dixarit (CAN), Nu-Clonidine (CAN)
Analgesic: Duraclon
Pregnancy Category C
Drug classes: Antihypertensive, Sympatholytic, centrally acting, Central analgesic
Therapeutic actions
Stimulates CNS alpha2-adrenergic receptors, inhibits sympathetic cardioaccelerator and vasoconstrictor centers, and decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS.
Indications
· ...
Codeine
03/04/2009 19:45
Codeine phosphate
Pregnancy Category C (during pregnancy), Pregnancy Category D (during labor), C-II controlled substance
Drug classes: Narcotic agonist analgesic, Antitussive
Therapeutic actions
Acts at opioid receptors in the CNS to produce analgesia, euphoria, sedation; acts in medullary cough center to depress cough reflex.
Indications
· Relief of mild to moderate pain in adults and children
· Coughing induced by chemical or mechanical irritation of the respiratory...
Dexamethasone
03/04/2009 19:47
Diazepam
Brand Name: Apo-Diazepam (CAN), Diastat, Diazemuls (CAN), Diazepam Intensol, Valium, Vivol (CAN)
Pregnancy Category D, C-IV controlled substance
Drug classes: Benzodiazepine, Antianxiety agent, Antiepileptic agent, Skeletal muscle relaxant, centrally acting
Therapeutic actions
Exact mechanisms of action not understood; acts mainly at the limbic system and reticular formation; may act in spinal cord and at supraspinal sites to produce skeletal muscle relaxation; potentiates...
Dexamethasone
03/04/2009 19:46
Dexamethasone
Pregnancy Category C
Drug classes: Corticosteroid, Glucocorticoid, Hormone
Therapeutic actions
Enters target cells and binds to specific receptors, initiating many complex reactions that are responsible for its antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Indications
· Hypercalcemia associated with cancer
· Short-term management of various inflammatory and allergic disorders, such as rheumatoid...
Diltiazem Hydrochloride
03/04/2009 19:52
Diltiazem hydrochloride
Brand Name: Alti-Diltiazem (CAN), Apo-Diltiaz (CAN), Cardizem, Cardizem CD, Cardizem SR, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Diltia XT, Gen-Diltiazem (CAN), Novo-Diltiazem (CAN), Nu-Diltiaz (CAN), Tiamate, Tiazac
Pregnancy Category C
Drug classes: Calcium channel-blocker, Antianginal agent, Antihypertensive
Therapeutic actions
Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells, resulting in the depression of impulse formation in...
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride; Benadryl
03/04/2009 19:48
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Brand Name: Benadryl, Tusstat
Pregnancy Category B
Drug classes: Antihistamine, Anti-motion sickness agent, Sedative/hypnotic, Antiparkinsonian agent, Cough suppressant
Therapeutic actions
Competitively blocks the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites, has atropine-like, antipruritic, and sedative effects.
Indications
· Relief of symptoms associated with perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis; vasomotor rhinitis; allergic...
Disulfiram
03/04/2009 19:50
Disulfiram
Brand Name: Antabuse
Pregnancy Category C
Drug classes: Antialcoholic agent, Enzyme inhibitor
Therapeutic actions
Inhibits the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, blocking oxidation of alcohol and allowing acetaldehyde to accumulate to concentrations in the blood 5–10 times higher than normally achieved during alcohol metabolism; accumulation of acetaldehyde produces the highly unpleasant reaction described below that deters consumption of alcohol.
Indication
· ...
Epinephrine; Adrenaline
03/04/2009 19:56
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Brand Name: epinephrine bitartrate
Pregnancy Category C
Drug classes: Sympathomimetic drug, Alpha-adrenergic agonist, Beta1 and beta2-adrenergic agonist, Cardiac stimulant, Vasopressor, Bronchodilator, Antiasthmatic drug, Nasal decongestant, Mydriatic, Antiglaucoma drug
Therapeutic actions
Naturally occurring neurotransmitter, the effects of which are mediated by alpha or beta receptors in target organs. Effects on alpha receptors include vasoconstriction,...
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